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Chesterfield County Genealogy

Edited by Avery Parker for South Carolina Genealogy · Chesterfield County hub · Last reviewed July 13, 2026 · How we work & cite

  • Formed 1785
  • Parent district Cheraws District
  • County seat Chesterfield
  • Neighbors Darlington, Kershaw, Lancaster, Marlboro

Photos & maps

Freely licensed images from Wikimedia Commons (and related open sources), cached locally for research context.

Historic view — Chesterfield County
Historic view Fæ · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons Source
Courthouse — Chesterfield County
Courthouse Fæ · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons Source
Map — Chesterfield County
Map David Benbennick · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons Source

What’s new

History

This week in Chesterfield County history

  • 1780
    Chesterfield County Revolutionary late summer Fri, Aug 21

    Militia movements and later pensions cross modern lines—use federal files.

This week in South Carolina history · Genealogist timeline · Queries for this county

In-depth topics

Towns & communities

8 places — view all town pages

Chesterfield county seat Cheraw Pageland Jefferson McBee Patrick Ruby Mount Croghan

Chesterfield County was formed in 1785 (Cheraws District). The county seat is Chesterfield. Neighboring counties include Darlington, Kershaw, Lancaster, Marlboro.

Use the research panels below for modern starting points—government contacts, census, vital records, cemeteries—and read the legacy narrative for local history notes and older link collections (some updated).

Chesterfield County was formed in 1798 from the Cheraws District. The county was named for Lord Chesterfield (1694-1773), who was an English statesman. The oldest town in the County is Cheraw which was founded in 1748. (Although the county seat is Chesterfield). The town Cheraw was known as Chatham until 1821.

Cheraw and Chesterfield were occupied briefly by General Sherman's troops during the Civil War.

Chesterfield County is home to Cheraw State Park (established 1934.)

There are several sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Chesterfield, SC which include Historic Districts.

A famous native of Chesterfield County, SC is jazz great Dizzy Gillespie.

Chesterfield County SCGenweb site [Wayback; prefer SCDAH / FamilySearch wiki]

A History of the Chesterfield County Public Library

Chesterfield District Chapter, South Carolina Genealogical Society
P.O. Box 167
Chesterfield, SC 29709
Chesterfield County Courthouse old link
200 West Main Street
County Courthouse
Chesterfield, SC 29709

Census

Query Forums

History notes

Chesterfield County's documentary trail follows South Carolina's district-to-county evolution. When searching before county formation, check parent districts and neighboring counties for deeds, estates, and tax lists.

SC jurisdiction depth: Use the district-era map and record survival topics—plus the pre-1785 statewide deed recording trap on the land matrix row.

Formation sources: County formation ~1785 from Cheraws District — verify against SCDAH, FamilySearch Wiki, and official county government history pages. Do not rely on Wikipedia alone.

Local history & events

Recent news and notices about historic sites, heritage programs, reenactments, and local history related to Chesterfield County (and statewide South Carolina heritage stories). Links open external publishers — verify details before traveling.

Updated automatically from public news feeds focused on history and heritage. See statewide local history news · Suggest an event

Research tools

Free printables for field sessions and home research nights—core to this site’s practical-tools mission.

This county’s cheatsheet Starter checklist Statewide bundle Start here guide

Record availability matrix

Guidance for what tends to exist for this county—not a guarantee. Always verify at the repository. Statewide method notes: vitals, land, probate, census.

SC jurisdiction trap (read first)

Pre-1785 deeds were often recorded centrally in Charleston (Secretary of the Province/State), not only in a local courthouse. Always pair the land row below with parent-district labels and SCDAH colonial series. See also this county’s district-era map and record survival topics.

Record type Coverage Years (approx.) Notes
Federal census good 1790–1950 Federal schedules available for SC with known quirks/losses in some years. Place the household in the correct county/district for each decade. Before 1785, search parent jurisdiction: Cheraws District.
Birth records sparse 1915– Statewide birth registration in SC is comparatively late (certificates densify after ~1915). Do not expect a civil birth certificate for pre-registration generations—use delayed births, church baptisms, Bibles, census, and probate. For people living before Chesterfield County existed (~1785), research the family in parent jurisdictions (Cheraws District) for land, tax, church, and census—not for earlier county birth certificates.
Marriage records partial 1800– County marriage licenses/returns densify in the 19th–20th centuries; earlier marriages often appear only in church books, bonds, newspapers, or pension files. If the couple married before Chesterfield County (~1785), search parent jurisdiction (Cheraws District) and neighboring counties for the ceremony place—not only this courthouse.
Death records partial 1915– Death certificates densify after statewide registration (~1915). Earlier deaths: obituaries, church burial, probate, cemeteries, coroner notes. Pre-formation residence (~1785): search parent context (Cheraws District) for substitutes, not for modern-style county death certificates before registration.
Land & deeds good 1785– Pre-1785: many SC deeds were recorded centrally in Charleston (Secretary of the Province/State), not only in the modern county courthouse—search colonial/Charleston series plus parent districts. County ROD typically densifies near formation (~1785); earlier freeholders: Cheraws District.
Probate & estates good 1785– Wills, administrations, inventories, equity. Series usually begin near local court identity (~1785); gaps → neighbors, SCDAH microfilm, federal substitutes. Pre-formation: Cheraws District.
Church & parish partial varies Church rolls often beat civil vitals before the 20th century in Chesterfield County. Identify denomination and congregation neighborhood early (see church & cemetery panels). Parent/earlier context: Cheraws District.
Newspapers varies varies Seat-town and regional titles both matter. Start with the county “start here” newspaper, then Chronicling America + SC State Library microfilm catalogs. Parent/earlier context: Cheraws District.
Military good 1775– Revolutionary through 20th-century service may generate pensions, CMSRs, and local militia notes. Pair with county context for battles and units.
Cemeteries partial varies Featured municipal and churchyards on this hub are starting points—not a complete inventory. Published abstracts and Find a Grave are incomplete; rural family plots are common. Submit survey citations via contact. Parent/earlier context: Cheraws District.
Court records partial 1785– Common pleas / sessions / equity labels change with district-era reforms (1785, ~1800, 1868). Confirm the courthouse that held the year—not only the modern county name. Parent context: Cheraws District.
Tax lists sparse varies Tax lists can substitute for missing census years. Coverage is uneven by locality and year; check SCDAH and published abstracts.

SCDAH & repository series inventory

Professional finding-aid layer for this county. Year ranges are research guidance based on formation and statewide patterns. Call numbers and reel IDs change—confirm in SCDAH catalogs and the FamilySearch catalog before ordering film or citing a reel.

Series Years (approx.) Repository Call / catalog notes
Colonial / Secretary of the Province–State land series (statewide)
THE SC land trap: pre-1785 conveyances often recorded centrally in Charleston. Search even for upcountry families. Pair with parent-district labels.
 1670–1785 SCDAH SCDAH colonial plats, grants, and memorials — confirm current series titles & microfilm/digital IDs in SCDAH catalogs (do not rely on a single county courthouse for pre-1785 title).
Chesterfield County deeds / mesne conveyances (ROD)
Local deed series typically densify after county court identity (~1785). Always re-check catalog years.
 1785– County ROD + SCDAH microfilm County Register of Deeds (or Clerk as ROD). SCDAH holds many county deed books on microfilm—look up “Chesterfield County” in SCDAH / FamilySearch catalog for book/reel coverage. Call numbers change; verify before ordering film.
Chesterfield County probate (wills, administrations, inventories)
Equity may be bound with or near probate depending on era. Thin years → neighbors + SCDAH.
 1785– County Probate + SCDAH microfilm Wills/administrations/inventories. Many counties filmed; FamilySearch wiki catalog links list digitized vs film-only. Confirm packet vs will-book coverage separately.
Chesterfield / district equity & related chancery-type files
Do not assume equity lives under the modern county name for every decade.
 1785– SCDAH + county Equity/bills often resolve kin and land when law-side probate is thin. Series labels shift with district reforms (~1785, ~1800, 1868). Use SCDAH equity finding aids + county inventories.
Chesterfield County / district court of common pleas & sessions
Useful for debts, land disputes, and name lists when deeds are silent.
 1785– SCDAH + county clerk Judgment rolls, sessions, and related court papers. Coverage and labels vary; start with SCDAH county records inventory and FamilySearch catalog entries for the county.
Chesterfield tax lists & related assessments (where surviving)
Compare with census decades for neighbor clusters.
 1780– SCDAH + published abstracts Tax survival is uneven. Check SCDAH and published society abstracts; some lists exist only in print abstracts or FS film. Never treat a partial web extract as complete.
Statewide vital registration (birth/death) — not a colonial county series
For pre-registration generations use church, Bible, probate, obituary, cemetery.
 1915– SC DHEC / SCDAH / FamilySearch Civil birth/death certificates densify after statewide registration (~1915). Search statewide systems and FS collections; parent counties do not hold earlier “birth certificates” for 1915+ events that never used civil registration.
Newspapers (local + regional) — SC State Library / Chronicling America
Confirm year ranges before travel; runs are often fragmentary.
 see catalog SC State Library + LOC Microfilm and digital runs: SC State Library newspaper catalogs; Chronicling America; local libraries. Hub “start-here” title is first masthead only.
FamilySearch catalog — Chesterfield County place search
Wiki overview: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_South_Carolina_Genealogy
 see catalog FamilySearch Catalog search: Place = "Chesterfield, South Carolina". Review film notes for deeds, probate, court, vitals. Digitization status changes—re-check the catalog item.

Related: District-era atlas · This county’s district map · Cited abstracts · Repositories guide

Churches & denominations

Midlands pattern: Baptist and Methodist density with Lutheran/German pockets (Dutch Fork) and strong Presbyterian clusters on the northern edge. Capital-city congregations in Richland need directory cross-checks.

For Chesterfield County (seat: Chesterfield), identify the congregation before hunting only municipal cemeteries. Membership moves across county lines more easily than deeds.

Newspapers

Named titles with year ranges and repository notes. Start with the highlighted title, then search decade variants—mastheads change often. Confirm runs before you travel.

  • Start here Chesterfield Advertiser / Pageland papers (start here)
    Chesterfield/Pageland · 1885–present · Weekly
    County and town weeklies. Border news sometimes in NC papers. Repos: SC State Library, local microfilm, Chronicling America.
  • Cheraw Chronicle / Cheraw-area titles
    Cheraw · 1890–present · Weekly
    Trade-hub press market for multi-county Pee Dee research.
  • Research portals (verify runs & holdings)
    Chesterfield · n/a
    Cross-check: Chronicling America · SC State Library · local public library microfilm · SCDAH newspaper finding aids · commercial digitization. Mastheads change by decade—log every title variant you search.

Statewide newspapers guide · Libraries & societies directory · Repos: SCDAH · SC State Library · local microfilm · Chronicling America

Cemeteries & burial research

Major municipal grounds, historic churchyards, and portals—not a complete inventory of every graveyard. Published abstracts and Find a Grave are incomplete.

  • Featured Chesterfield County — Find a Grave cemetery search
    Chesterfield
    Portal search for user-contributed cemetery pages and memorials. Verify stones and surveys independently.
    Find a Grave · More
  • Featured St. David’s / Cheraw historic cemeteries
    Cheraw · Episcopal/various
    Cheraw historic churchyards and municipal surveys—trade-hub families from multiple counties.
    Submit a correction
  • Featured Chesterfield town cemetery surveys
    Chesterfield
    Seat-town starting point; sandhills rural plots remain incomplete online.
    Submit a correction
  • Churchyards & family plots (survey first)
    Various
    Many SC burials never appear in municipal cemeteries. Start with church affiliation, then published surveys and GPS-enabled modern inventories.
    Find a Grave · More
  • Chesterfield County — Not a complete inventory
    Various
    This list is a research starting set (featured grounds + portals), not every graveyard. Published abstracts and Find a Grave are incomplete. Know a survey, correction, or missing churchyard? Use the contact form—we update county pages as evidence arrives.
    Find a Grave · Submit a correction

Not complete — help us improve. Know a published survey citation, missing churchyard, or bad link? Send a correction. · Cemeteries research guide

Societies & repositories

  • Chesterfield County Library System
    library · Chesterfield
    Library system serving Chesterfield County.
  • Cheraw Lyceum / local history
    museum · Cheraw
    Local history interpretation in Cheraw—verify hours and research access.
  • SC Department of Archives and History
    archive · Columbia
    State archives — colonial to modern government records, maps, and genealogy research rooms.
  • South Carolina State Library
    library · Columbia
    Statewide library services, newspapers, and digital collections.
  • Lowcountry Africana
    other · Online
    Essential free portal for African American research in the Lowcountry and beyond.
  • FamilySearch — South Carolina
    other · Online
    Wiki portals, digitized film, and catalog entries for every SC county.
  • National Archives at Atlanta
    archive · Atlanta
    Regional NARA facility for federal records useful to SC researchers (courts, military, census access support).
  • SC Genealogical Society
    society · Statewide
    Statewide genealogical society with local chapters.

Full societies & libraries directory

Research starting points

Census

Federal census schedules (and some state/colonial substitutes) are foundational for Chesterfield County household reconstruction. Start with every decade the family should appear, then correlate with land and probate.

Vital records

South Carolina statewide vital registration is comparatively late. For many Chesterfield County families you will rely on a mix of county probate, church registers, Bible records, newspapers, and delayed birth certificates—not only a single “vital records office” file.

Courthouse & contacts

Canonical mailing target for this hub. Confirm the specific office (Clerk of Court, Register of Deeds, Probate) and current address on the county government site before you mail a records request. Historical society PO boxes are not the courthouse.

Chesterfield County Courthouse
Chesterfield, South Carolina
https://www.chesterfieldcountysc.com/

If not found here, try…

South Carolina brick walls are often jurisdiction problems. Search parent districts and neighbors when deeds or probate are thin—and for pre-formation families. Civil birth/death certificates are late statewide; parents do not hold earlier “county birth certificates.”

  • Formed 1785
  • Parent / earlier jurisdiction Cheraws District — check district-era records before this county existed (districts guide).

Neighboring counties (deeds, marriages, newspapers, and kin often cross the line):

Darlington Kershaw Lancaster Marlboro

Expand the same decade in neighbor newspapers, church rolls, and cemeteries—kin often cross the line for marriage and burial. Also use Start here, the districts & counties guide, migration corridors, and local history news.